Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever in humans and animals. is study aimed to determine the frequency of C. burnetii in milk samples of dairy animals (goats, sheep, and cattle) in some selected regions in Iran, where there is no information about prevalence of C. burnetii. In this study, 162 individual milk samples were collected from 43 farms in three provinces (Tehran, Hamadan, and Mazandaran). Real-time PCR was used for the detection of IS1111a element of C. burnetii. In total, 23 of 162 samples (14.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.65–20.2%) were positive for C. burnetii by real-time PCR. C. burnetii was detected in 10.17%(95% CI: 4.74–20.46) of goat milk samples. In sheep milk samples, 18.6%(95% CI: 9.74–32.62) w

Elderly people are at increased risk for infections such as with Clostridium difficile. This can colonize their gut and cause various gastro-intestinal manifestations. Our survey investigated its prevalence in a nursing home in Iran. Faecal samples were collected and tested by polymerase chain reaction for identification of A, B and binary toxin genes. From 289 samples, 42(14.5%) isolates were found. Toxin genes were positive in 19 isolates (17 A?B? and 2 isolates AB?). The elderly are especially at risk and great attention should be paid to contamination within their nursing homes. This is not an isolated regional problem.

Background Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever which is a highly infectious zoonotic disease. C. burnetii has become one of the most important causes of abortion in livestock, which can lead to widespread abortions in these animals. There are very limited studies on the prevalence of C. burnetii infection in cases of animal abortion in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of C. burnetii in ruminant abortion samples in Iran. Methods Abortion samples from cattle, sheep and goats were collected from different parts of Iran and were tested using Real-time PCR targeting the IS1111 element of C. burnetii. Results In this study, 36 samples (24.7%) of the 146 collected samples were positive for C. burnet

Antibiotic resistance is now accepted as an inevitable factor in Helicobacter pylori treatment failure, so a survey on the antibiotic susceptibility profile of H.?pylori is welcomed. In addition, the main molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance in H.?pylori is not fully determined, particularly for metronidazole. Our single-centre study was designed to evaluate the local antibiotic resistance profile of H. pylori strains recovered from individuals with dyspepsia. Gastric biopsy specimens from 200 individuals underwent bacterial culture for H.?pylori, and bacterial identification was confirmed by positive reports from biochemical and genotypic universal protocols. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on the 73 isolates obtaine

Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Considering the importance of Helicobacter pylori in human diseases, develop a vaccine against it is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clearance of H. pylori with Formulation rCagA and LPS in a mouse model.The formulations; rCagA, LPS, rCagA/LPS were evaluated against clearance of H. pylori. All of Mice groups were immunized three times orally then two times intramuscularly (IM). Mice were challenged with H. pylori strain SS1, Fourteen days after the last immunization. Spleens and gastric tissues were collected from mice. Antigen-specific interleukine responses were surveyed in the spleen of mice that immunized before and post-challenge by E

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with many gastroduodenal disorders. So far, few updated reports exist on the pattern of susceptibility to antibiotics that are mainly used in Iran. Our main purpose of this study was to investigate the resistance of H. pylori to tetracycline, amoxicillin, metronidazole, and clarithromycin in Iranian patients with dyspepsia. Due to the increasing resistance of H. pylori against the current first-choice antibiotics, alternative drugs including tetracycline may be the focus of attention by clinicians. Materials and Methods: In this survey, after the bacterial culture of 200 gastric biopsy specimens obtained from consecutive patients, H. pylori strains were identified and confi

Background and Objectives: There are many pertussis outbreaks which is mainly due to the reduction in the immunity of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines. Therefore, there is a crucial necessity to develop a new generation of pertussis vaccine. Pre-ceding researches have shown that Bordetella pertussis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have appropriate specifications, making them a suitable vaccine candidate against pertussis.Materials and Methods: The OMVs were separated by a new serial ultra centrifugation technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and ELISA assay were used to characterize the OMVs. Results: TEM studies showed the size of the extracted OMVs at 40-200 nm. The presence of pertussis

Objectives: Enterococci have gained attention during the past decade as important nosocomial pathogens. Their increasing prevalence has been paralleled by the occurrence of multidrug-resistant and high-level aminoglycoside-resistant strains. This study isolated Enterococcus spp. from hospital samples and determined their antibiotic resistance profile, focusing on aminoglycosides, and associated resistance mechanisms. Methods: A total of 195 enterococci from hospital samples in Tehran were studied. Isolates were identified by biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disk diffusion. The vancomycin MIC for vancomycin-resistant isolates was determined by agar dilution. Detection of aminoglycoside resistance genes and i

1.1. Background: Clostridium difficile is one of the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in nursing home residents. In recent years, the infection has been rising in the world. The spores of this bacterium can survive for several months and are resistant to strong disinfectants, heat, and drought. Elderly people are at an increased risk for infection due to changes in the gut flora with age, weakened immune system and underlying diseases. It is assumed that we detects high colonization rate to C. difficile in elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of C. difficile in the elderly population.1.2. Methods: In this study, fecal samples were collected from healthy (asymptomatic) elderly (over 60 years old) that wer

Many bacteria including Escherichia coli can enter into the viable but non‐culturable (VBNC) state under unfavorable condition. This study investigated the fate of E. coli O157:H7 under high salinity stress in salted silver carp. E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated in distilled water and fish meat under 0, 10, and 30% NaCl at room temperature. The culturability of bacteria was investigated using culture‐based colony counting method. Viability and expression of pathogenic genes of E. coli O157:H7 were evaluated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) of 16S rRNA, stx1, stx2, eae, and hly genes. The bacteria kept their culturability in both water microcosms and fish meat without salinity stress, however, bacterial cul

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and is associated with substantial medical and economic burden. We report the development of a hybrid immunotherapeutic system based on recombinant Nap protein from Helicobacter pylori (HP-Nap) for the treatment of breast tumors. Chitosan nanoparticles with pseudo-spherical morphology and positive zeta potential were synthesized as carriers for HP-Nap. In vitro study was performed on mouse breast cancer cell line (4T1) and human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7). In vivo study was done on 4T1 tomural mice. TUNEL assay and real time PCR test were performed on tumor mice receiving the nanoparticle treatment. The nanoparticle-protein complex induced apoptosis in vitro in cultured breast

Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium and causes legionnaire's disease an –atypical pneumonia in humans. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main antigen of Gram-negative bacteria but is less studied because of its carbohydrate nature. Here, we immunized mice with detoxified LPS and O-antigen polysaccharide in combination with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and explored the immunological responses of mice to the bacterial infection.LPS of L. pneumophila was extracted by hot phenol-water method. Purified LPS was detoxified by sodium hydroxide alkaline procedure. O-polysaccharide antigen (OPS) obtained by acetic acid treatment of LPS. BALB/c mice were immunized mainly with non-covalent combination of detoxified LPS (dLPS

BackgroundLegionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium and the cause of an atypical pneumonia in humans – legionnaire's disease. Immunological assessment of bacterial antigens clarifies the way that host may develop protection against the pathogen. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main antigen of Gram-negative bacteria but is less studied because of its carbohydrate nature. Here, we immunized mice with detoxified LPS in combination with immunogenic proteins and looked into the result of bacterial challenge.MethodsLPS of L. pneumophila was extracted by hot phenol-water method. Purified LPS was detoxified by sodium hydroxide alkaline procedure. BALB/c mice were immunized mainly with non-covalent combination of detoxified

Coxiella burnetii is a causative agent of Q fever which is highly infectious zoonotic disease. C. burnetii has become one of the most important causes of abortion in livestock, which can lead to widespread abortions in these animals. There are very limited studies on the prevalence of C. burnetii infection in cases of animal abortion in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate C. burnetii in livestock abortion samples in Iran. Abortion samples from cattle, sheep and goat were collected from different parts of Iran and were tested using Real-time PCR targeting IS1111 gene of C. burnetii. In this study, 36 samples (24.66%) of the 146 collected samples were positive for C. burnetii. The prevalence of C. burnetii was 21.78% (20 of 94 samp